# BPC-157 References: The Cited Studies and Regulatory Sources

> The BPC-157 references behind every figure on this site: peer-reviewed studies, the 2024-2026 reviews and human pilots, and the FDA and WADA regulatory sources — with DOIs, PMIDs, and URLs.

Every quantitative claim on this site resolves to one of the entries below — the primary BPC-157 studies, the 2024-2026 literature, and the FDA and WADA regulatory sources.

## About this reference list

This is the full BPC-157 reference list for the site. Entries 1-7 are the foundational and mechanistic primary studies; entries 8-15 and 17 are the 2024-2026 reviews and human pilots that the recent-research page draws on; entries 16, 18, and 19 are the regulatory sources behind the legal-status page. Where a study reports a number used elsewhere on this site — a dose, a half-life, an inhibition ratio — that number is tied to its entry here. DOIs, PubMed identifiers, and URLs are listed so each claim can be checked against its source.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36588717/
[3] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[4] Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052688/
[5] Recovery of the definitive and early spinal cord injury by the application of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022;44(5):1901-1927. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35678659/
[6] Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 efficiently reduces radiation-induced liver injury and lipid accumulation in mice. Life Sci. 2022;310:121072. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36228773/
[7] Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 - possible novel therapy of glaucoma and other ocular conditions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(7):1052. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37513963/
[8] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of intravenous infusion of BPC157 in humans: a pilot study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[9] McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or risk? A narrative review of BPC-157 for musculoskeletal healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[10] Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and intestinal anastomoses therapy in rats - a review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(8):1081. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204186/
[11] Multifunctionality and possible medical application of the BPC 157 peptide - literature and patent review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(2):185. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005999/
[12] Protective effects of BPC 157 on liver, kidney, and lung distant organ damage in rats with acute pancreatitis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005408/
[13] Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a therapy and safety key: a special beneficial effect following intoxications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(6):928. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40573323/
[14] Regeneration or risk? A narrative review of BPC-157 for musculoskeletal healing (human-data and investigational-status assessment). Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[15] Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant. Inflammopharmacology. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40759852/
[16] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding that may present significant safety risks (BPC-157 free base / BPC-157 acetate, Category 2; effective 2023-09-29) and Bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A of the FD&C Act. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[17] From regeneration to analgesia: the role of BPC-157 in tissue repair and pain management. Int J Mol Sci. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41898733/
[18] World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List - S0 Non-Approved Substances (BPC-157 prohibited in sport at all times). https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list
[19] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C listed as substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026

---

A cobalt-blueprint reading of the BPC-157 record — every finding plotted to its study, the human-data gap left as an open cell, and the FDA 503A status struck before anything else; no clinic at the bench and nothing here dispensed or sold.